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    Kidney Stone Treatment

    Kidney stones are small, hard deposits that form in your kidneys and can cause severe pain when passing through the urinary tract.
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    What Are Kidney Stones?

    A kidney stone is a solid mass made up of crystals, usually formed from minerals and salts that clump together in the kidneys. These stones can affect any part of the urinary tract, from the kidneys to the bladder. Most kidney stones form when the urine becomes too concentrated, allowing the minerals to crystallize and stick together.

    There are different types of kidney stones, with calcium stones being the most common. In India, around 12% of the population is affected by kidney stones at some point in their life, with men being more prone than women.

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    Causes of Kidney Stones

    Dehydration

    Inadequate water intake is one of the primary causes of kidney stones, especially in India’s hot climate where dehydration is more common.

    Diet

    Diets high in protein, salt, and sugar can increase the risk of certain types of kidney stones. A high intake of oxalate-rich foods like spinach and nuts also contributes to stone formation.

    Obesity

    Increased body weight has been linked to a higher risk of developing kidney stones.

    Medical Conditions

    Conditions like diabetes, hyperparathyroidism, and chronic urinary tract infections can increase the likelihood of stone formation.

    Preventing Kidney Stones

    Stay Hydrated

    Drink at least 3 litres of water daily to help flush out minerals and prevent stone formation, especially in hot climates or during physical activity.

    Limit High-Oxalate Foods

    Reduce the consumption of oxalate-rich foods like spinach, nuts, and chocolate, as they can contribute to kidney stone formation.

    Control Salt Intake

    Excessive sodium increases calcium in urine, leading to stone development. Limit processed foods and avoid adding extra salt to meals.

    Moderate Animal Protein

    Consuming too much red meat, poultry, or seafood can increase uric acid levels, raising the risk of kidney stones. Opt for plant-based protein sources when possible.

    Maintain a Healthy Weight

    Obesity is a risk factor for kidney stones. A balanced diet and regular exercise help in maintaining a healthy weight and reducing the risk.

    Manage Underlying Health Conditions

    Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and metabolic disorders can contribute to kidney stone formation. Proper medical management can lower the risk.

    Diagnosis of Kidney Stones

    To diagnose kidney stones, your doctor will begin by reviewing your medical history, symptoms, lifestyle, diet, and any family history of kidney stones. A physical examination will be conducted to check for tenderness in the abdomen or sides and to identify any signs of infection. Urine tests are essential in detecting substances that contribute to stone formation and identifying possible infections. Additionally, blood tests help determine elevated levels of minerals like calcium or uric acid, which may be responsible for stone development. To accurately assess the size and location of the kidney stones, imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans are used, with CT scans providing the most detailed visualization.

    Treatment Options for Kidney Stones

    Drinking Fluids

    For small kidney stones, drinking plenty of water (up to 3 litres a day) can help flush them out of your system naturally. Your doctor may also prescribe pain relievers to manage discomfort during this process.

    Ureteroscopy

    A thin, flexible tube is passed through the urethra and bladder to the stone, where the doctor can either remove the stone or break it into smaller pieces using a laser.

    Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)

    This non-invasive procedure uses sound waves to break up kidney stones into smaller pieces, making them easier to pass through the urine. ESWL is one of the most common treatments for stones that are too large to pass on their own but do not require surgery.

    Recovery and Long-term care

    After treatment, following your doctor’s advice is crucial for a full recovery and to prevent future kidney stones. Most patients can resume their normal activities within a few days to weeks, depending on the type of treatment received. Regular follow-up appointments help monitor progress and detect any early signs of recurrence. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and staying well-hydrated, plays a vital role in reducing the risk of kidney stones. By making these adjustments, patients can significantly lower the chances of developing stones again and ensure long-term kidney health.

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